More Women in Class Reduces Toxic Masculinity, Boosts Academic Performance

Classroom environment itself influences whether women stay or leave
Research suggests gender balance in undergraduate classes affects female retention in STEM and economics at graduate levels.

Em salas de aula de universidades italianas, pesquisadores descobriram que a simples presença de mais mulheres entre os estudantes transforma não apenas o desempenho acadêmico, mas o próprio tecido das relações humanas no ambiente de ensino. O estudo sugere que a composição de gênero molda a cultura coletiva — reduzindo atitudes masculinas competitivas, aliviando o peso da saúde mental sobre os estudos e tornando o espaço mais acolhedor para todos. Numa época em que mulheres ainda abandonam em massa as ciências exatas e a economia ao avançar nos estudos, essa pesquisa aponta para algo profundo: os ambientes que construímos determinam quem consegue permanecer neles.

  • Mulheres continuam desaparecendo das ciências exatas e da economia à medida que avançam na pós-graduação — e a pesquisa sugere que o próprio ambiente de sala de aula pode ser o mecanismo expulsivo.
  • Atitudes masculinas competitivas, quando dominantes em uma turma, criam uma atmosfera que pesa desproporcionalmente sobre estudantes minoritários, corroendo pertencimento e aspirações.
  • O estudo italiano identificou que maior presença feminina reduz significativamente a adesão a comportamentos masculinos tóxicos e atenua o impacto negativo da saúde mental no rendimento acadêmico.
  • Notas melhoraram, especialmente em disciplinas quantitativas, e a participação em sala ficou mais ativa quando o equilíbrio de gênero aumentou.
  • Estudantes expostos a mais colegas mulheres foram menos propensos a abandonar seus cursos ao ingressar no mestrado — sugerindo que o equilíbrio de gênero pode ser uma alavanca concreta contra a evasão feminina no ensino superior.

Lorena Hakak estava em Barbados, observando casais dançarem num mercado de peixe caribenho, quando se deparou com uma pesquisa que mudaria sua forma de entender as dinâmicas de sala de aula. Ela havia viajado para apresentar num congresso sobre gênero e família organizado pelo Comitê de Economistas da América Latina e do Caribe, e entre os estudos apresentados, um a deteve: uma análise sobre como a composição de gênero numa turma universitária — especificamente, a presença de mais mulheres — transforma não só o desempenho acadêmico, mas o comportamento dos estudantes entre si.

A pesquisa, conduzida por Silvia Grisela, Paola Profeta e Giulia Savio, examinou três dimensões da vida universitária: a adesão a atitudes ligadas ao comportamento masculino, o impacto da saúde mental no desempenho acadêmico e a qualidade das interações em sala. Os dados vieram de uma universidade no norte da Itália e incluíam registros de notas, resultados de provas e respostas a questionários. O que encontraram foi revelador: quanto mais colegas mulheres os estudantes tinham, menor era sua adesão a atitudes masculinas competitivas, menor o peso percebido da ansiedade sobre os estudos, e melhores eram suas notas — especialmente em disciplinas quantitativas.

Houve ainda um achado com implicações de longo prazo: estudantes expostos a mais mulheres na graduação eram menos propensos a trocar de área ao ingressar no mestrado. Isso importa imensamente para STEM e economia, campos onde a participação feminina despenca conforme se avança nos estudos. A pesquisa sugere um mecanismo: ambientes dominados pela competitividade masculina, onde a ansiedade pesa mais e as interações são menos acolhedoras, empurram as mulheres para fora. Salas mais equilibradas as retêm.

Se a composição de gênero na graduação reduz a evasão feminina nas ciências exatas, então a escassez persistente de mulheres nesses campos pode não ser inevitável — pode ser, em parte, produto dos próprios ambientes onde essas áreas são ensinadas. A pesquisa não resolve o problema, mas aponta uma alavanca: composição molda cultura, e cultura determina quem fica e quem parte.

Lorena Hakak was in Barbados last week, watching couples dance to spouge music in a fish market on the Caribbean island, when she found herself thinking about a research paper that would reshape how she understood classroom dynamics. She had traveled to the University of the West Indies to present at a conference on gender and family, organized by the Latin American and Caribbean Women Economists Committee. Among the presentations she attended, one study stopped her cold: an analysis of how the gender composition of a university classroom—specifically, the presence of more women—changes not just how students perform academically, but how they behave toward one another.

The research, conducted by Silvia Grisela, Paola Profeta, and Giulia Savio, examined three dimensions of university life: how closely students adhered to attitudes and perceptions tied to masculine behavior, how mental health concerns affected their academic work, and the quality of classroom interactions. The question seemed counterintuitive at first. Why would sitting alongside more female classmates reshape the university environment? But the authors drew on established research showing that men tend to be more competitive than women, and that women in the minority often adjust their behavior in ways that can diminish their sense of belonging, their aspirations, and ultimately their grades. This new study extended that insight by asking what happens when the gender balance shifts the other way.

The researchers used administrative data from a northern Italian university, pulling academic performance records—grades, test scores—alongside survey responses that measured students' conformity to masculine attitudes, their perception of how anxiety and worry affected their work, and their experience of classroom dynamics. The data was granular and real. What they found was striking: as students encountered more female peers, their adherence to competitive masculine attitudes dropped significantly. The perceived weight of mental health struggles on their academic performance lightened. Their grades improved, especially in quantitative courses. Classroom participation became more robust.

There was another finding with longer implications. Students exposed to more female classmates were less likely to switch to a different field of study when they reached the master's level. This matters enormously for STEM and economics—fields where women remain dramatically underrepresented. As students progress through graduate school, female participation drops off sharply. The research suggests a mechanism: perhaps the classroom environment itself, shaped by gender composition, influences whether women stay or leave. A classroom where masculine competitiveness dominates, where anxiety weighs more heavily, where interactions feel less welcoming—that environment pushes women out. A more balanced classroom holds them in.

The implications ripple outward. If gender balance in undergraduate classrooms reduces the attrition of women in quantitative fields, then the persistent shortage of women in advanced STEM and economics may not be inevitable. It may be, in part, a product of the very environments where those fields are taught. The research doesn't claim to solve the problem—but it points to a lever: composition shapes culture, and culture shapes who stays and who leaves.

A greater exposure to female classmates reduces significantly attitudes related to masculinity and the perceived impact of mental health on academic performance, while improving academic results and classroom interactions
— Research findings from Grisela, Profeta, and Savio
A Conversa do Hearth Outra perspectiva sobre a história
Inventor

Why does it matter that men are more competitive than women? Isn't that just how people are?

Model

The research suggests it's not fixed. When men are in a classroom with more women, they become less competitive. That's not biology—that's environment. And it changes outcomes.

Inventor

But how does less competitiveness help anyone's grades?

Model

It seems to reduce the anxiety that comes with constant comparison. When the room isn't structured around winning, students—especially women—report that worry and stress affect their work less. They can actually focus.

Inventor

So it's not that women make men smarter. It's that the culture shifts.

Model

Exactly. The gender balance changes what the classroom rewards and what it punishes. Collaboration becomes more visible than dominance.

Inventor

And women stay in these fields longer?

Model

Yes. At the master's level, fewer women switch out when they've been in more gender-balanced undergraduate classrooms. The environment shaped them differently.

Inventor

Is this just about feeling welcome, or is something deeper happening?

Model

Both, probably. But the data shows it's measurable—better grades, better mental health outcomes, stronger participation. It's not just comfort. It's performance.

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