Study: 100,000 Portuguese struggle with scratch card gambling addiction

Approximately 100,000 Portuguese adults experience gambling problems from scratch cards, with 30,000 suffering from pathological gambling disorder affecting their mental health and wellbeing.
30,000 Portuguese citizens have crossed into pathological disorder
A study reveals the scale of clinical gambling addiction tied to scratch cards in Portugal.

Em Portugal, aquilo que durante anos permaneceu invisível nas bancas de jornais e nos balcões dos supermercados ganhou agora contornos precisos: um estudo encomendado pelo Conselho Económico e Social revela que cerca de 100 mil adultos portugueses enfrentam problemas de jogo ligados aos raspadinhas, dos quais 30 mil preenchem os critérios clínicos de perturbação do jogo patológico. A ubiquidade destes cartões — baratos, imediatos, desprovidos de qualquer barreira de acesso — criou condições silenciosas para a dependência florescer. O estudo não pede a proibição, mas exige que a normalização cultural deixe de ser confundida com ausência de risco, e coloca nas mãos dos decisores políticos uma evidência que já não pode ser ignorada.

  • Cerca de 100 mil portugueses adultos debatem-se com problemas de jogo associados aos raspadinhas, e 30 mil deles têm já uma perturbação clínica estabelecida — números que transformam um hábito banal numa crise de saúde pública.
  • A acessibilidade quase total destes produtos — vendidos em qualquer local com caixa registadora, sem deliberação nem deslocação — é apontada como o principal motor da dependência, distinguindo os raspadinhas de outras formas de jogo mais reguladas.
  • O psiquiatra Pedro Morgado, da Universidade do Minho, sublinha a fronteira clínica entre dificuldade com o jogo e perturbação patológica: para 30 mil pessoas, a compulsão deixou de ser um problema financeiro e tornou-se uma condição médica.
  • Os investigadores apelam a regulação mais exigente — limites de venda, avisos obrigatórios, formação de retalhistas — mas o sistema de lotarias gera receita para o Estado, criando uma tensão entre proteção pública e interesse fiscal.
  • O estudo cumpriu a sua função ao tornar o problema visível e quantificável; o que resta saber é se a visibilidade será suficiente para mover a vontade política.

Um estudo encomendado pelo Conselho Económico e Social de Portugal veio quantificar o que muitos suspeitavam: os raspadinhas constituem um problema sério de saúde pública. A investigação concluiu que cerca de 100 mil adultos portugueses — aproximadamente 1,21% da população adulta — enfrentam dificuldades relacionadas com este tipo de jogo. Desse total, 30 mil pessoas desenvolveram perturbação do jogo patológico, uma condição clínica que vai muito além do jogo ocasional.

O psiquiatra Pedro Morgado, da Universidade do Minho, explicou a distinção com clareza: a maioria dos 100 mil afetados experiencia algum grau de dificuldade com o jogo, mas os 30 mil representam aqueles em quem a perturbação está plenamente instalada. Para estas pessoas, comprar raspadinhas deixou de ser um gesto impulsivo e tornou-se um problema médico.

O que torna os raspadinhas particularmente insidiosos é a sua omnipresença. São vendidos em quiosques, supermercados, postos de combustível — em qualquer lugar com uma caixa registadora. São baratos, imediatos e concebidos para oferecer uma dose rápida de possibilidade. Ao contrário do casino ou das apostas desportivas, não exigem deslocação nem deliberação. Estão simplesmente ali.

Os investigadores não pedem a proibição — o sistema de lotarias gera receita para o Estado —, mas argumentam que o enquadramento atual é insuficiente para proteger as populações mais vulneráveis. A facilidade de acesso e o design destes jogos criam condições propícias à dependência, e a normalização cultural tem obscurecido o seu potencial aditivo.

O estudo está agora no domínio público, disponível para legisladores e defensores de políticas de saúde. Se Portugal responderá com novas medidas — restrições de venda, avisos obrigatórios, limites de despesa ou formação para retalhistas — dependerá da vontade política. A investigação fez o seu trabalho: tornou o problema visível. A questão é se essa visibilidade se traduzirá em mudança.

A study commissioned by Portugal's Economic and Social Council has quantified what many suspected: scratch cards are a significant public health problem in the country. The research, which examined who plays these games and what damage they cause, found that roughly 100,000 Portuguese adults—about 1.21 percent of the adult population—struggle with gambling problems tied to scratch cards. Of that number, approximately 30,000 people have developed what researchers call pathological gambling disorder, a clinical condition that goes beyond casual play into compulsive behavior.

Pedro Morgado, a psychiatrist and researcher at the University of Minho who helped interpret the findings, explained the distinction plainly: most of the 100,000 people affected experience some level of gambling-related difficulty, but the 30,000 figure represents those who almost certainly have the disorder fully established. This is not a matter of occasional bad luck at a convenience store counter. For these individuals, the compulsion to buy scratch cards has become a medical problem.

The scale of the issue is striking when you consider what scratch cards represent in the Portuguese landscape. They are ubiquitous—sold at newsstands, supermarkets, gas stations, anywhere with a till. They are cheap, immediate, and designed to deliver a quick hit of possibility. Unlike casino gambling or sports betting, which require some deliberation and travel, scratch cards are ambient. They are there. The barrier to entry is almost nonexistent.

What makes the study significant is not just the numbers themselves, but what they suggest about the need for action. The researchers behind the work are calling for stronger regulation of scratch card gambling. This is not a call for prohibition—Portugal's lottery system, which includes scratch cards, generates revenue for the state—but rather a recognition that the current framework is insufficient to protect vulnerable populations. The study essentially argues that the ease of access and the design of these games create conditions where addiction can flourish.

The distinction between problem gambling and pathological gambling disorder matters clinically and socially. Someone with a gambling problem may be spending too much money, lying about their habits, or experiencing stress related to their play. Someone with pathological gambling disorder meets diagnostic criteria: they have lost control, they continue despite negative consequences, and the behavior has become central to their functioning. That 30,000 Portuguese citizens have crossed into that territory suggests a system that is not adequately protecting public health.

The Economic and Social Council's decision to commission this research reflects growing concern about scratch card gambling specifically. Other forms of gambling in Portugal are regulated, but scratch cards occupy a somewhat different space—they are lottery products, distributed widely, and culturally normalized in a way that can obscure their addictive potential. The study provides the evidence base for what advocates have been arguing: that normalization should not mean deregulation.

What happens next remains unclear. The findings are now in the public record, available to policymakers and advocates. Whether Portugal will respond with new regulations—stricter limits on where cards can be sold, mandatory warnings, spending caps, or requirements for retailers to train staff in recognizing problem play—will depend on political will. The study has done its job: it has made the problem visible and quantifiable. The question is whether visibility will translate into change.

30,000 people almost certainly have the disorder fully established, meaning pathological gambling disorder
— Pedro Morgado, psychiatrist and researcher, University of Minho
A Conversa do Hearth Outra perspectiva sobre a história
Inventor

When you say 100,000 people have gambling problems with scratch cards, what does that actually look like in someone's life?

Model

It varies. Some people are spending money they can't afford to lose, lying to family about how much they're buying. Others are making multiple trips a day to different shops. For the 30,000 with pathological disorder, it's compulsive—they've lost the ability to stop, even when they want to.

Inventor

Why scratch cards specifically? Why not just lump them in with all gambling?

Model

Because they're everywhere and they're cheap. You don't need to plan to gamble or travel anywhere. You see them at the checkout and buy one on impulse. That accessibility is part of what makes them dangerous.

Inventor

The study calls for more regulation. What would that actually mean?

Model

It could mean limiting where they're sold, requiring warnings, training cashiers to spot problem players, or setting spending limits. Right now there's very little friction between wanting to play and actually playing.

Inventor

Does Portugal make money from these cards?

Model

Yes, the lottery system generates revenue for the state. So there's a tension—the government benefits financially, but also bears the social cost of addiction.

Inventor

What's the difference between 100,000 people with problems and 30,000 with the disorder?

Model

The 100,000 are struggling—spending too much, stressed, maybe hiding it. The 30,000 have lost control entirely. They meet clinical criteria for addiction. It's the difference between a bad habit and a disease.

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