Arsuaga warns genetic engineering will replace natural selection in human evolution

Shift from biological/evolutionary determinism to technological determinism; wealthy nations and biotech corporations gain influence over human genetic futures; potential widening of inequality based on access to genetic enhancement technologies; scientific community's authority on human nature questioned.

Echoes early 20th-century eugenics debates, but with modern genetic technology; parallels Cold War anxieties about technological control of human nature and transhumanist movements.

Consumers face potential future access to genetic engineering services, raising questions about affordability, equity, and unequal access to enhancement technologies. This could create socioeconomic divisions based on genetic modification capabilities.

Governments will likely need to establish regulatory frameworks governing genetic engineering applications in humans, address bioethics concerns, regulate access to prevent inequality, and define permissible modifications versus enhancement. International coordination may be necessary to prevent regulatory arbitrage.